001. The sequence of brain regions from oldest to newest is:
A) limbic system; brainstem; cerebral cortex.
B) brainstem; cerebral cortex; limbic system.
C) limbic system; cerebral cortex; brainstem.
D) brainstem; limbic system; cerebral cortex.
E) cerebral cortex; brainstem; limbic system.

002. Your conscious awareness of your own name and self-identity depends primarily on the normal functioning of your:
A) cerebellum.
B) amygdala.
C) hypothalamus.
D) sympathetic nervous system.
E) cerebral cortex.

003. The occipital lobes are to ________ as the temporal lobes are to ________.
A) hearing; sensing movement
B) seeing; sensing touch
C) sensing pleasure; sensing pain
D) seeing; hearing
E) speaking; hearing

004. Reading a story involves brain activity in the ________ cerebral hemisphere(s). Producing a creative artistic drawing involves brain activity in the ________ cerebral hemisphere(s).
A) left; right
B) right; left
C) left; right and left
D) right and left; right
E) right and left; right and left

005. Compared to subconscious information processing, conscious information processing is relatively ________ and especially effective for solving ________ problems.
A) fast; novel
B) slow; novel
C) fast; routine
D) slow; routine

006. Simple thinking strategies that allow us to solve problems and make judgments efficiently are called:
A) semantics.
B) heuristics.
C) prototypes.
D) algorithms.
E) fixations.

007. The tendency to think of objects only in terms of their normal uses is called:
A) functional fixedness.
B) the availability heuristic.
C) confirmation bias.
D) belief perseverance.
E) the representativeness heuristic.

008. College students routinely underestimate how much time it will take them to complete assigned course projects. This best illustrates the impact of:
A) framing.
B) functional fixedness.
C) the availability heuristic.
D) the representativeness heuristic.
E) overconfidence.

009. The word CATS contains ________ phoneme(s) and ________ morpheme(s).
A) 2; 1
B) 4; 1
C) 2; 4
D) 4; 2

010. Attribution theory was designed to account for:
A) the process of revealing intimate aspects of ourselves to others.
B) the impact of both heredity and environment on social behavior.
C) social facilitation and social loafing.
D) the loss of self-awareness that occurs in group situations.
E) how people explain others` behavior.

011. A mental grouping of similar things, events, or people is called a(n):
A) prototype.
B) concept.
C) algorithm.
D) heuristic.
E) mental set.

012. Which of the following is an example of the use of heuristics?
A) trying every possible letter ordering when unscrambling a word
B) considering each possible move when playing chess
C) using the formula: area = length × width  to find the area of a rectangle
D) playing chess using a defensive strategy that has often been successful for you

013. Whorf`s linguistic determination hypothesis states that:
A) language is primarily a learned ability.
B) language is partially an innate ability.
C) the size of a person`s vocabulary reflects his or her intelligence.
D) our language shapes our thinking.

014. During a televised political debate, the Republican and Democratic candidates each argued that the results of a recent public opinion poll supported their party`s platform regarding sexual harassment. Because both candidates saw the information as supporting their belief, it is clear that both were victims of:
A) functional fixedness.
B) mental set.
C) belief bias.
D) confirmation bias.

015. Failing to solve a problem that requires using an object in an unusual way illustrates the phenomenon of
A) mental set.
B) functional fixedness.
C) framing.
D) belief perseverance.
E) overconfidence.

016. The mind processes information like a computer is a statement most likely made by a
A) structuralist
B) cognitive psychologist
C) phenomenologist
D) behaviorist

017. Cognitive psychologists are most concerned in learning with the role of prior
A) activity
B) reinforcement
C) knowledge
D) socialization

018. Behaviorism places the most emphasis on
A) external contingencies
B) schemata
C) thinking
D) consciousness

019. The person who championed the view that we are born with innate cognitive machinery that constrains language development is
A) Skinner
B) Chomsky
C) Miller
D) Tulving

020. Compared to behavioral psychology, cognitive psychology places more emphasis on
A) rote learning
B) mental processes
C) observational learning
D) the environment